What term is used to describe diseases characterized by excessive urination?

The term used to describe diseases characterized by excessive urination is diabetes, specifically diabetes mellitus. In this condition, the body is unable to properly regulate glucose levels due to either insufficient insulin production or ineffective use of insulin. This results in high blood sugar levels, which causes the kidneys to filter out excess glucose. The kidneys excrete not only glucose but also water, leading to increased urination, known as polyuria.

In contrast, neuropathy refers to nerve damage, hyperglycemia describes a high concentration of glucose in the blood, and renal failure involves impaired kidney function, which typically results in reduced urination rather than excessive urination. Thus, diabetes is the condition most directly associated with the symptom of excessive urination.