What modifying agent should be used in embalming fluid due to varying levels of acids and bases in tissues?

Using a buffer in embalming fluid is essential because it helps maintain a stable pH in tissues, which is crucial during the embalming process. Tissues can have varying levels of acidity and alkalinity, and a buffer acts to neutralize excess acids or bases, ensuring that the pH remains within a range that is conducive to effective embalming. This stability is vital for preserving the natural color and appearance of the body, as well as optimizing the effectiveness of other components in the embalming fluid.

In contrast, a surfactant functions primarily to reduce the surface tension of the embalming fluid, enhancing its ability to penetrate tissues but does not address pH balance. A preservative is designed to inhibit microbial growth and decay but also does not stabilize pH levels. Water, while an important component of embalming fluid, lacks the specific properties needed to counteract the variations in acidity or alkalinity effectively. Thus, the use of a buffer is the most appropriate choice for ensuring the efficacy of the embalming process in the face of chemical variability in tissues.