What medical term describes the presence of blood in vomit?

The presence of blood in vomit is referred to as hematemesis. This term is derived from the Greek words "haima," meaning blood, and "emesis," meaning vomiting. When blood is expelled along with vomit, it can indicate various medical conditions, including gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcers, or severe vomiting due to other underlying issues.

Hematochezia is a different term that specifically refers to the passage of fresh, red blood through the anus, typically indicating lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Melena refers to black, tarry stools that result from the digestion of blood, often from upper gastrointestinal sources, but it does not pertain to vomiting. Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood from the respiratory tract, not related to vomiting. Thus, hematemesis is the correct and precise term for blood in vomit.