What is the component of arterial fluid designed to decrease the molecular cohesion at the surface of a liquid?

The component of arterial fluid designed to decrease the molecular cohesion at the surface of a liquid is surfactant. Surfactants are substances that reduce the surface tension of liquids by disrupting the intermolecular forces, allowing for better wetting and spreading properties. In the context of arterial fluids, surfactants help to enhance the distribution of the fluid within the vascular system, ensuring that it permeates tissues more effectively during embalming.

This role is crucial because maintaining appropriate tissue hydration and preventing pooling or irregular distribution of the fluid can significantly influence the overall outcome of embalming.

In contrast, antiseptics are used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms; preservatives are added to prevent decomposition of the biological tissues; and buffers are used to stabilize pH levels. While all are important in various contexts, none fulfill the specific function of decreasing molecular cohesion like surfactants do.